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IDENTIFY&CONFIRM

WHAT IS THE RISK
AND WHO IS AT RISK?

WHAT IS THE RISK
AND WHO IS AT RISK?

CARDIAC RISK 
CONTINUUM

CARDIAC RISK 
CONTINUUM

VASCULAR AGE = 
HEART AGE 

VASCULAR AGE = 
HEART AGE 

 

ADVANCED SUBCLINICAL 
ATHEROSCLEROSIS 

ADVANCED SUBCLINICAL 
ATHEROSCLEROSIS 

(CAC scoring, Carotid US)

 

 

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DRIVE PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT

DRIVE PROACTIVE MANAGEMENT

 

BEING PROACTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK MAY HALT PROGRESSION OF CARDIAC RISK CONTINUUM

BEING PROACTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RISK MAY HALT PROGRESSION OF CARDIAC RISK CONTINUUM

ACTING EARLY IN PATIENTS AT CV
RISK MAY CHANGE THE TRAJECTORY
OF THEIR CV HEALTH

 

USING DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENTS TO DRIVE ACTION

USING DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENTS TO DRIVE ACTION

IMPROVING RISK ASSESSMENT CAN HELP IDENTIFY PATIENTS’ LEVEL OF RISK AND THE APPROPRIATE INTERVENTION STRATEGIES19

IMPROVING RISK ASSESSMENT CAN
HELP IDENTIFY PATIENTS’ LEVEL OF RISK
AND THE APPROPRIATE
INTERVENTION STRATEGIES19

References:

1. Blaha, Michael J., et al. “Advanced subclinical atherosclerosis: A novel category within the cardiovascular risk continuum with distinct treatment implications.” American Journal of Preventive Cardiology, vol. 13, 2023, p. 100456, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100456.  
2. Smoking leads to ve-fold increase in heart disease and stroke in under-50s. ESC Press Release. Sophia Antipolis. May 2013.
3. Leon BM, et al. World J Diabetes. 2015 Oct 10;6(13):1246-58. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246 
4. Baigent C, et al. Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1267-78. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67394-1 
5. Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). WHO. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/mean-systolic-blood-pressure-(age-standardized-estimate) 
6. Janghorbani M, Manson JE, Hu FB, et al. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(7):1730-1735. DOI: 10.2337/dc06-2363 
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/facts.htm Accessed January 2, 2024. 
8. American Diabetes Association. https://knowdiabetesbyheart.org/?utm_source=diabetes.org&utm_medium=partner&utm_campaign=kdbh&utm_term=footer Accessed January 6, 2020. 
9. Dzau, V. (2005) ‘The cardiovascular continuum and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade’, Journal of Hypertension, 23(Suppl 1). doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000165623.72310.dd. 
10. Mesquita ET, Demarchi AV,dos Santos Bitencourt D et al. Cardiovascular Continuum 25 years – The Evolution of an Etiopathophysiology Model. International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2016; 29(1):56-64. DOI: 10.5935/2359-4802.20160002 
11. Jamthikar A, Gupta D, Cuadrado-Godia E, et al. Ultrasound-based stroke/cardiovascular risk stratification using Framingham Risk Score and ASCVD Risk Score based on “Integrated Vascular Age” instead of “Chronological Age”: a multi-ethnic study of Asian Indian, Caucasian, and Japanese cohorts. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2020;10(4):939-954. https://doi.org/10.21037/cdt.2020.01.16 
12. O’Rourke MF, Safar ME, Dzau V. The Cardiovascular Continuum extended: Ageing effects on the aorta and microvasculature. Vascular Medicine. 2010; 15(6):461-468. DOI: 10.1177/1358863X10382946 
13. Barodka VM, Joshi BL, Berkowitz DE, et al. Implications of vascular aging. Anesth Analg. 2011;112(5):1048-60. doi:10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182147e3c. 
14. Anderson TJ, Grégoire J, Hegele RA, et al. 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29(2):151-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2012.11.032 
15. Orringer CE, Blaha MJ, Blankstein R, Budoff MJ, Goldberg RB, Gill EA, Maki KC, Mehta L, Jacobson TA. The National Lipid Association Scientific Statement on Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring to Guide Preventive Strategies for ASCVD Risk Reduction. Journal of Clinical Lipidology (2021), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2020.12.005 
16. Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. European Heart Journal. 2021;42:3227-3337 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484 
17. Chrysant SG. A new paradigm in the treatment of the cardiovascular disease continuum: focus on prevention. Hippokratia. 2011; 15(1): 7–11. 
18. Chrysant SG. Stopping the cardiovascular disease continuum: Focus on prevention. World J Cardiol. 2010; 2(3): 43–49. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v2.i3.43 
19. Dolezalova N, et al. Development of an accessible 10-year Digital CArdioVAscular (DiCAVA) risk assessment: a UK Biobank study. Eur Heart J Digit Health. 2021 Sep; 2(3):528–538. doi: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztab057 
20. Ullah, A., Kumar, M., Sayyar, M., Sapna, F., John, C., Memon, S., Qureshi, K., Agbo, E. C., Ariri, H.I., Chukwu, E. J., Varrassi, G., Khatri, M., Kumar, S., Elder, N. M., & Mohamad, T. (2023). Revolutionizing cardiac care: A comprehensive narrative review of cardiac rehabilitation and the evolution of Cardiovascular Medicine. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46469